GRAFTS: PERIOD AND TYPES

March 20, 2021
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Grafts are techniques of propagation of trees which is used when you cannot get new plants from seeds, cuttings, layering or offshoot. However, this technique can also be useful when you want to subtract the plant to diseases, to thicken the foliage or when you want to replace a variety, or obtain more than one of the same plant.

There are several methods of grafting, then of mechanical applying of an element of a new plant of an existing one, each one is more or less suitable for a specific variety and should be performed in a specific period. Below we provide the overall guidance on certain types of graft, but do not forget to use proper equipment: a sharp knife suitable for grafting, raffia and putty, indispensable for the success as avoid the detachment of the graft and protect the interested part.

Bud or eye

English slit

Double english slit or flap

Approximation

Horse

Crown

Bridge

bud or eye	T tuck incision where grafting under the bark, slightly raising the two tabs obtained	May- August	apple, pear, peach, apricot, plum, cherry, citrus, olive trees and rosebushes
patch or stamp	piece of bark with bud applied to a part of equal size in which a piece of bark is removed	May- August	olive, khaki, walnut, medlar, vineyard
flageolet or ring	ring of bark with gem applied to a part of equal size in which the bark is removed	May- August	chestnut and walnut
majorcan or sliver	similar to gem grafting, but on the rootstock, instead of a simple incision is created by a housing	July- September	vineyard, fruit trees
crown (pen or pike beak)	grafting under the bark in the section of the trunk or a large branch with the help of the engravings T	March- May	citrus, olive, vineyard, fruit trees
omega	cut with grafting machine that creates a perfect joint	September- November	vineyard, rosebushes, fruit trees
triangle	plug shaped triangle applied on a special engraving in the rootstock	January- February	pear, apple, fruit trees
saddle	similar to a triangle, but the graft is etched in the shape of an inverted L	January- February	fruit trees
english slit	joint between graft and rootstock that have the same size	February- March	gorse, rosebushes, clematis, vineyard
double english slit or flap	double joint	January- March	vineyard, chestnut, ornamental and fruit plants
side slit	rootstock miter which is stuck a plug-shaped flap	February- April	fruit trees
end slit	connecting the branches at their ends so that one follows the other	February- March	walnut
slit or wedge	section of a tree trunk or a large branch making a gap in which the grafts are threaded shaped wedge	February- March	citrus, olive trees
horse	slit graft wedge on the rootstock of the same diameter	February- March	rhododendron, fruit trees, vineyard
spur	graft of a branch on the main trunk	February- April	fruit trees
bridge	to repair the damaged bark. Two incisions one above (inverted T) and below (T) the damaged part where insert the graft	June- August	vineyard, fruit trees
approximation	Affect two branches and approach each other by mating the wound. Following the recovery is cut below the graft and the branch of the graft above the junction	April- May	camellia, olive, magnolia, citrus
invigoration	Planting new trees near that to invigorate, inverted T incision near the base of the trunk and put the graft of the new plant will strengthen old.	April- May	fruit trees