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Inches (symbol in or double quote ") is an measurement unit of lenght that is not part of the SI system, but is still widely used in Anglo-Saxon countries such as the UK and USA as well as in many technological sectors.
1 " corresponds = 2,54 cm, but this proportion is not true on regards hydraulics, where the mostly one speaks of nominal dimensions of GAS type.
The fact that according to this metric scale 1 "does not correspond to 2,54 cm is to be find in about 1800. Originally, in fact, all the tubes were following the Whitworth thread (mechanical inches, corresponding to those english), following with the time technology has meant that could produce tubes with equal pressure resistance features but in thickness, weight and cost lower. If were left unchanged measurements of the internal diameter, arose the problem of having to change all the machines that produced fittings and the consequent confusion for the fact of having on market two types of measures for external diameters. It was agreed, then do not change the outside diameter but only to decrease the thickness of the tube, increasing the internal diameter smaller width.
The outer diameter is constant and then to the inner refers to an approximate nominal measure, attributable to the GAS scale.
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